Using Environmental Litigation to Advance Ecological Restoration under the Convention on Biological Diversity in China

Abstract In response to unprecedented global biodiversity loss, the obligation of restoration has been integrated into Convention on Biological Diversity ( CBD , or Convention). As a Party China implemented commitments through ‘National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (2011–2030)’. This article focuses how such have translated Chinese legal framework environmental litigation, litigation can advance ecological restoration. There exist obligations governments individuals. When they fail fulfil their cause damage ecosystems, wrong actions inactions be corrected orders imposed by courts, namely primary alternative orders. Also, some weaknesses due relying forcing defendants pay restore damaged including that funds could misappropriated, current mechanisms incentivize ‘license trash’ style culture.